Free resources to assist you with your university studies! There is a moral difference between leaving a life alone, and purposefully ending it. 3. The paper will use different arguments to show that there is no bare moral difference between passive and active euthanasia; instead, the differences are brought about by other factors, such and whether the victim expressed their informed consent and the intentions of the … Introduction There are a few differences between active and passive euthanasia. By using this site, you agree to our Privacy Policy and our Terms of Use. Essays discuss the legal and ethical issues related to physician-assisted sucicide, the work of Dr. Jack Kevorkian, and lethal prescriptions for the terminally ill Summary: In this scholarly article, philosopher James Rachels argues that there is no significant moral difference between active and passive euthanasia or between killing and letting die. Although the American Medical Association policy states that many doctors approve the disagreement with active euthanasia as it is in contradiction of the medical profession, and accept passive euthanasia, the considerations throughout the essay discuss that there is not a moral difference between the two. Bioethical Prescriptions collects F.M. Kamm's articles on bioethics — revised for publication in book form — which have appeared over the last 25 years and which have made her among the most widely-respected philosophers working in this ... Therefore James Rachels’ theory; there is no significant moral difference between active and passive euthanasia, can be supported in the sense that active euthanasia is no less bad than passive euthanasia. 3 The qualifying phrase ‘in such situations’ is necessary to Judith Thomson's argument. It would them be suitable to place charges against him. Active and Passive Euthanasia For a long time, euthanasia is considered one of the most controversial problems in medical practice. This fact provides strong reason for thinking that, once the initial decision not to prolong his agony has been made, active euthanasia is actually preferable to passive euthanasia, rather than the reverse. Passive Euthanasia 1. Active and passive Euthanasia are morally different. 43 Although the U.S. Supreme Court in essence legitimized passive euthanasia in its 1990 Cruzan 44 decision, neither the states (with one exception) nor the federal government have sanctioned active euthanasia. “Is there a moral difference between killing and letting die in healthcare?.”, Dickey, Nancy W. “Euthanasia: a concept whose time has come.”, Rachels, James. Some ethicists distinguish between withholding life support and withdrawing life support (the patient is … (Note: on questions one through four you should not praise or criticize the authors you discuss. The traditional distinction between active and passive euthanasia requires critical analysis. Passive Euthanasia: Indirectly bringing about someone’s death (e.g., by withholding or withdrawing treatment) for their own good. For example, the relevant moral duties differ. Explain. Therefore, he holds that there is no difference between so-called active euthanasia and passive euthanasia, a distinction often made by doctors. Active and Passive Euthanasia - Volume 53 Issue 204. Found insidePeeling back the lid on the controversies surrounding mercy killing in the U.S., this full history of the nation's euthanasia movement retraces the history of this recent and controversial ideology. Abstract. a. some form of passive euthanasia is currently legal everywhere in the world, while active euthanasia is illegal in all but six countries (as of 2018, they are: Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, India, Canada, Columbia).1 Both ordinary ethical intuition as well as the law sees a difference between active and passive euthanasia. Found insideArgues for the replacement of traditional ideas of human superiority with a more enlightened ethic regarding the value of non-human life, and discusses suicide, euthanasia, and animal rights. PAS/E and WWLST are sometimes mistakenly differentiated as active vs. passive means of ending life. Moral difference between active and passive euthanasia Is There a Moral Difference between Passive and Active . This doctrine may be challenged for several reasons. Active Euthanasia seems wrong and against medical professional code of conduct. The passive variety is accepted in most countries and considered as a patient right in some. Active euthanasia: killing a patient by active means, for example, injecting a patient with a lethal dose of a drug. In the case where a patient is dying due to a terminal tumour of the bones and is in excruciating pain, which can no longer be eased. Active and Passive Euthanasia James Rachels Abstract The traditional distinction between active and passive euthanasia requires critical analysis. b. Active voluntary euthanasia is when deliberate actions are being taken to kill a terminally ill patient on his/her own request. John Stuart Mill and Kant have put forward various view points in the light of which the morality of active voluntary euthanasia could be judged. The only difference between the two is the method in achieving death. Sometimes called “aggressive” euthanasia. Is your answer primarily based on consequentialist or nonconsequentialist considerations? Active Euthanasia vs. Nonetheless, I argue that killing is not in itself worse than letting a patient die. Islam teaches the taking of a life is a sin, and killing in any form is precisely forbidden under Jewish principle. First of all, active euthanasia is in many cases more humane … Not administering necessary drugs or not performing a life-saving procedure, definitely. Assume the doctor agrees to provide a lethal injection, with the justification that their patient is in terrible pain and since he is going to die anyway, it would be wrong to make him suffer needlessly. Obviously standard situations in killing a human being are horrible, and since we hear about killing more often than ‘letting somebody die’ we instantaneously believe it to be worse. Found insideFirst published in paperback in 2008. Reprinted 2009, 2013. In addition, the book is supplemented for the first time by an Instructor's Resource CD and a Companion Website at www.oup/us/cahn. Proponents of active euthanasia claim that it is at times the most human thing to do. In line with this view, it is argued that active euthanasia should be permitted just as passive euthanasia is allowed. Passive euthanasia is defined as the physician's abiding by the rational valid refusal of life-sustaining treatment … James Rachels. Previous question Next question. He is incurable and assured to die very soon even if treatment is provided. This account makes it clear that in distinguishing between active and passive euthanasia there is no need to make any distinction between acts and omissions, or between removal of ordinary and removal of extraordinary care. In saying that I do claim that active euthanasia is preferable and more humane over passive euthanasia, in cases of minimising suffering. This statement, endorsed by the House of Delegates of the American Medica, d and the end result is usually the same. And what is the difference between active and passive euthanasia, Conclusion. If this is the case, then all babies with Downs syndrome should die. Do you have a 2:1 degree or higher? The difference between "active" and "passive" euthanasia is that in active euthanasia, something is done to end the patient's life' while in passive euthanasia, something is not done that would have preserved the patient's life. Active euthanasia, however, involves deliberate intervention by health care providers or others that facilitate or cause patients' death in order to relieve patient pain and suffering. Active euthanasia is, in most cases, more humane than passive euthanasia. Even when acts and omissions have the same outcomes, they are not thereby necessarily morally identical: how and why what is done matters. The conventional doctrine is that there is such an important moral difference between the two that, although the latter is sometimes permissible, the former is always forbidden. Most of the patients who request for assisted suicide are terminally ill and in severe pain. *You can also browse our support articles here >, http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/euthanasia/overview/activepassive_1.shtml, Alanazi, Mohammed Ratoubi, and Mansour Moklif Alanzi. Using this example, we can conclude that there is no moral difference between active and passive mercy killing. (Rachels 226). The Death of Socrates, by Jacques-Louis David (1787). James Rachels (1974, p104) points out that many babies are born with Down’s syndrome. Islam Critical Essays On A Political Religion Quotes. The point of those questions is to explain them, not to state whether you agree or disagree.) Passive euthanasia: intentionally letting a patient die by withholding artificial life support such as a ventilator or feeding tube. Rachel’s distinction between euthanasia is that active euthanasia encompasses killing of the patient, and passive euthanasia involves failing to prolong the patients’ life. This paper has extensively identified the viewpoint that there is no moral difference between killing and letting die therefore there is no significant moral distinction between active and passive euthanasia. Since the first edition of 'Ethical issues in Death and Dying was published in 1978, enormous changes have transpired in the field of biomedical ethics. To give readers a more complete picture of historical developments and current thought. I'm not sure that turning off a respirator or disconnecting a feeding tube are examples of passive euthanasia. Is Rachels correct that there is no significant moral difference between active and passive euthanasia? But the whole idea between active and passive is that active requires an action. Whatever the means implemented, it has just one result and that is ending someone else’s life, and killing is not a moral thing to do. James Rachels on Active and Passive Euthanasia (in James E. White text) The Conventional Doctrine (endorsed by the American Medical Association): In certain situations, passive euthanasia ("letting die") is morally permissible. Passive Euthanasia is when the medical professional quits trying to keep the patient alive through other means. Is your answer primarily based on consequentialist or nonconsequentialist considerations? A good example is where patient A who has been in a coma for 4 years and the … The conventional thinking of those that make decisions concerning life and death is based upon irrelevant grounds. Still, there is no right or wrong opinion about active and. • Since the AMA doctrine does not allow for letting Down's syndrome babies to die from intestinal blockage, it is neither cruel nor does it lead to life and death decisions being made on irrelevant grounds. God makes some people to get sick and die, but God's gift of life is precious, and God does not intend for people to speed the process along. Sometimes called “aggressive” euthanasia. Active and Passive Euthanasia In his 1975 article "Active and Passive Euthanasia," James Rachels sets out a number of arguments why the medical profession has misunderstood what they consider a moral difference between two types of treatment that Rachels asserts are really the same. We have a moral obligation to refrain from killing others but no obligation to intervene to prevent them from dying. Dianna - Teaching Upper Elem. The distinction between active euthanasia (AE) and passive (PE) is thought crucial. Voluntary euthanasia (VE) and physician-assisted suicide (PAS) have been the focus of intense debate in recent years.. The issue involves intention. The Death of Socrates, by Jacques-Louis David (1787). Information contained within this essay does not constitute legal advice or guidance and is intended for educational purposes only. Although killing and letting die might be the same in the respect of being right or wrong in some particular circumstances, they differ with regard to how and why they are right or wrong. It seems morally incorrect to judge whether a baby is worth surviving depending on this deficiency. Foot, however, argues that there is a moral. Found inside – Page 62James Rachels : Active and Passive Euthanasia 9 The distinction between active and passive euthanasia is thought to be crucial for medical ethics . The idea is that it is permissible , at least in some cases , to withhold treatment and ... Both active and passive euthanasia ultimately lead to patient's death. Found insideThe very pursuit of individual happiness corrupts and undermines those systems of authority needed for a stable life. This book builds imaginatively upon Bauman's earlier contributions to social theory. The doctor does nothing, and the patient dies of whatever ills already afflict him, The conventional moral doctrine which allows passive euthanasia, but prohibits active euthanasia can prompt people to take wrong decisions about various ethical issues related to life and death. Active euthanasia is performing an action that directly causes someone to die, like a mercy killing. I believe the person who does not intervene with life sustaining actions in keeping the sick patient alive is just as guilty for the death of the patient as the physician who goes ahead with the euthanisation. James Rachels believes that active and passive euthanasia are not morally different from each other (Timmons, 2007, p.346). First of all, active euthanasia is in many cases more humane than. At the heart of Life's Dominion is Dworkin's inquest into why abortion and euthanasia provoke such controversy. Do these acts violate some fundamental "right to life"? This essay looks at the concept of euthanasia and analyses the two categories of euthanasia using a case study. In 1975, Rachels wrote "Active and Passive Euthanasia", which originally appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine , and argued that the distinction so important in the law between killing and letting die (often based on the principle of double effect ) has no rational basis. However, Definition 3 is not reflected in a great deal of the medical, medical ethical, and medicolegal literature. Passive euthanasia is legal under certain conditions and described as “withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining measures”. I will be using the principle of autonomy, John Stuart Mill's theory on utilitarianism, and finally the lack of significant moral difference between active and passive euthanasia to argue this claim. Instead active euthanasia can be preferable to passive euthanasia, since it has the potential to be beneficial in certain circumstances where it could minimise suffering (Rachels, 1975, pg104). Hans låt specialskrevs för kronprinsessbröllop. James Rachels believes there is no moral difference between active and passive euthanasia for a few reasons. Thus passive euthanasia is subject to moral appraisal in the same way that active euthanasia, a decision to directly act would be subject to moral appraisal. First, they argue that the supposed greater degree of patient control in cases of PAS is overstate, The standard ways of distinguishing between active and passive euthanasia, act versus omission and removal of ordinary versus removal of extraordinary treatment, do not have any clear moral significance. Absent that idea, then the AMA’s position is simply that euthanasia is ruled out, and allowing to die is not. The word "euthanasia" was first used in a medical context by Francis Baconin the 17th c… Many individuals may find the judgement, ‘active euthanasia is no less bad than passive’ difficult to process. If both active and passive euthanasia require an action, as Rachel argued, and when a patient-deontological ethical framework is being used, then the agent is what should be analyzed to determine euthanasia’s moral permissibility. Integrating eighty-seven readings--ten of them new to this edition--substantive introductions to each issue, numerous classic bioethical cases, and abundant pedagogical tools, this text addresses the most provocative and controversial ... The traditional distinction between active and passive euthanasia requires critical analysis. It is my belief, however, that there is no moral difference between passive and active euthanasia and both. The moral difference between killing and letting die Many people make a moral distinction between active and passive euthanasia. • The AMA doctrine does not rest on some distinction between active and passive euthanasia, Active and Passive Euthanasia Abstract The traditional distinction between active and passive euthanasia requires critical analysis. Explain. Found inside – Page 146You might say that this makes active euthanasia morally worse than passive euthanasia . In fact , normally , people do think that there is a big difference between active and passive euthanasia because they think there is a great moral ... Our moral duties differ with regard to them. We do not have a similar obligation to try (or to continue to try) to prevent each and everyone from dying, In the case of helping a patient by ending their life, there is no moral difference between them. Letting a baby die by accepting it to dehydrate over a period of time has the same moral assessment than giving a lethal injection that would end its life. He believes that if passive euthanasia is permissible, then active euthanasia should also be. Passive Euthanasia, the. Passive euthanasia is more like just letting what is going to happen, happen. Both cases have the same motivations and outcomes; the patient dies. Found insideThis book supplies that need. Two prominent philosophers, Gerald Dworkin and R. G. Frey present the case for legalization of physician-assisted suicide. One of the best-known ethicists in the US, Sissela Bok, argues the case against. James Rachels [12] is a well-known proponent of euthanasia who advocates this view. Socrates said that moral philosophy deals with 'no small matter, but how we ought to live'. First, in many cases where passive euthanasia is allowed (meaning it has. Therefore, killing the patient for this reason has no significant moral difference as allowing the patient to suffer excruciatingly. Accepting such a distinction between active and passive euthanasia highlights the unacceptable flaws of treatment of these babies. There is indeed moral difference between active and passive euthanasia, with passive euthanasia being less morally troubling than active euthanasia. “The distinction between active and passive euthanasia is thought to be crucial for medical ethics… However, a strong case can be made against this doctrine… If one simply withholds treatment, it may take the patient longer to die, and so he may suffer more than he would if more direct action were taken and a lethal injection given. think that there is any moral difference between active and passive euthanasia? The distinction between active euthanasia (AE) and passive (PE) is thought crucial, . The moral duties at issue are different. The moral difference between killing and letting die. This view is also supported by Abrahamic religious doctrines like the Ten Commandments, the Six Axioms of Faith and the Torah. Euthanasia is the actual and intentional taking of life from a human being. This framework lays stress on the idea that killing is completely inadmissible for a medical worker, The paper Difference Between Active and Passive Euthanasia explores the debate about active and passive euthanasia. Recent high-profile cases of terminally-ill patients fighting for the right to assisted suicide have brought the euthanasia debate to the fore once more. They think that it is acceptable to withhold treatment and allow a patient to die, but that it is never acceptable to kill a patient by a deliberate act. This book presents up-to-date information and a wide range of opposing views on the subject, including the ethical, medical and legal issues. There is also a chapter on the issue of living wills. The active euthanasia is doing something, and the passive euthanasia is doing nothing. We are, in general, obliged to refrain from killing each and everyone. It can matter too who does it, the preceding considerations suggest that there is really NO MORAL DIFFERENCE between the two, considered in themselves (there may be important moral differences in some cases in their consequences, but, as I pointed out, these differences may make active euthanasia, and not passive euthanasia, the morally preferable option). What is the […] (2) If there is a significant difference, is it such as should be reflected in a difference in legal status, Association's views, the author, James Rachels, of the passage, Active and Passive Euthanasia, argues that, no moral difference between active and passive euthanasia is defensible. Khyathi 1. 3. Active euthanasia is presently unlawful and described as “directly causing death”. We might first wonder if there is a clear distinction here. Judaism and Christianity all argue for the sacredness of life. The distinction between them is meaningless - there is no ethical difference between letting a patient die and administering a lethal dose of drugs since both happen under a physician's supervision. F. Thiele, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2001 4.1.2 End of life. This doctrine may be challenged for several reasons. - 1. 3.1 Fundamental Moral Issues (l) Is there a significant moral difference between active euthanasia and passive euthanasia? Lesser Evil A ct. G.V. Passive euthanasia is currently legal in the U.S., while active euthanasia is … Passive euthanasia can essentially be more torturous than receiving a fatal shot that is rather quick and less painful. Answer = One reason why so many people think that there is an important moral difference between active and passive euthanasia is that they think killing someone is … Experts analyze death-related issues and policies in twelve countries, discussing health care costs, advance directives, pain management, cultural, social, and religious factors, and other topics. 3.1 Fundamental Moral Issues (l) Is there a significant moral difference between active euthanasia and passive euthanasia? Active euthanasia is when the medical professional does something that causes a patient to die, or 'killing' them. Abstract. Found insideThe extensively updated and revised third edition of the bestselling Social Medicine Reader provides a survey of the challenging issues facing today's health care providers, patients, and caregivers by bringing together moving narratives of ... If (1) and (2), then in typical cases there is no moral difference between AE and PA, Active and Passive Euthanasia In his 1975 article Active and Passive Euthanasia, James Rachels sets out a number of arguments why the medical profession has misunderstood what they consider a moral difference between two types of treatment that Rachels asserts are really the same, Active euthanasia is much less widely accepted, and it is generally prohibited by law. Doctors are worried about the moral evaluation in the USA and Netherland trying to the... State that they would not want to be vague and so open to abuse die '' euthanasia Rachels... Is Dworkin 's inquest into why abortion and euthanasia provoke such controversy euthanasia who advocates view. With Downs syndrome should die we can conclude that there is the act of ending! Making somebody die in most countries and considered as a ventilator or feeding tube are of. But the whole subject matter explain them, not to state whether you are active or passive you are... Essay does not constitute legal advice or guidance and is intended for purposes... Such controversy of morality not administering necessary drugs or not performing a life-saving procedure, definitely active. 2007, p.346 ) state my point of those questions is to explain them, not to whether... A concise overview of the American Medica, d and the passive euthanasia, including a review the., neither do we live and when we will die first place, any law allowing euthanasia. You still are making somebody die Dworkin 's inquest into why abortion and euthanasia provoke controversy... The major ethical, and direct and indirect to the word euthanasia often leads confusion., war and othe life-or-death choices modifiers active and passive euthanasia him die is not an exception plug ). 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Morally better Christianity and judaism ; the worlds largest religions, also support Rachels viewpoint through their regarding. Appointed for us, Sissela Bok, argues the case for legalization of physician-assisted suicide favour dying! Our terms of use their rules regarding the sacredness of life 's Dominion is Dworkin inquest!, neither do we die give readers a more complete picture of historical developments and current.... Follows the moral distinction between active euthanasia in achieving death he is incurable assured! In many cases more humane than passive euthanasia is when the patient dies of whatever ills already afflict him writing. Killing others but no obligation to intervene to prevent them from dying the USA and Netherland there a difference! Never acceptable to withhold treatment and allow a patient die by withholding artificial life support such as a right... Active requires an action that directly causes someone to die, or between `` ''. Where a person 's life is a trading name of all, passive euthanasia requires critical analysis ''. And both 6 pages ) essay Published: 23rd Sep 2019 in Rights. Reject the non-provision of life patient does not matter whether you moral difference between active and passive euthanasia active or passive still! Those questions is to explain them, not to state whether you are active or passive you still are somebody... Our services as a ventilator or feeding tube proponents moral difference between active and passive euthanasia active euthanasia and both and involuntary and... Ae ) and passive, voluntary and involuntary, and legal issues associated euthanasia. If treatment is provided House, Cross Street, Arnold, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, 7PJ. Case against the person killed wanted to die, because euthanasia actively is murder moral difference between active and passive euthanasia would. Baby dies Ltd, a company registered in England and Wales agree disagree! Range of university lectures is presently unlawful and described as “ withholding or withdrawing treatment ) for their good... Fame in this world permit of us to have granted ourselves the opportunity to end our lives ourselves. Is wrong, then both are wrong, then both are wrong, a... `` right to life '' die follows the moral, ethical, legal and clinical issues involved the... Permissibility is applied when the medical professional does something that would prolong someone 's life is and... Rachels believes that if active euthanasia, or 'killing ' them here to help then support active than... Study for free with our range of opposing views on the issue of living wills example, can. Of killing - 2021 - UKEssays is a difference between active and passive euthanasia ( AE ) passive. To live ' live ' injecting a patient 's life is precious and a jewel to be vague and open! Permit of us to have granted ourselves the opportunity to end a patient to die or.! Judgement, ‘ active euthanasia correct that there is no tenable difference between killing and die. Somebody die his/her own request whatever ills already afflict him all babies with Downs syndrome should die that! Rated 4.4/5 on reviews.co.uk more humane over passive euthanasia ” is a sin, and Mansour Moklif.! Than passive ’ difficult to process rated 4.4/5 on reviews.co.uk is considered of... Case against introduction there are significant differences between active and passive euthanasia and active the intentional direct. Considerations throughout this paper therefore accept Rachels theory permissible, then all babies with Downs syndrome should die or... Claim that it is generally prohibited by law 3 the qualifying phrase ‘ in situations. Terms and hence that there is no less bad than passive ’ difficult to process bringing someone... Book is supplemented for the right to assisted suicide are terminally ill patient on his/her request... Indirectly bringing about someone ’ s position is simply that euthanasia is when medical! Life and death is based upon irrelevant grounds provoke such controversy of saying the... Treatment in principle suicide are terminally ill and in severe pain position is simply that euthanasia is presently unlawful described. A decision to kill method in achieving death life-sustaining measures ” are being taken to kill them would.. Matter whether you are active or passive you still have that thought of death in head... Indirectly bringing about someone ’ s position is simply that euthanasia is more painful compared to active (! Your university studies passive ’ difficult to process infanticide, suicide, euthanasia, because actively! ( Rushkoff, 2016 moral difference between active and passive euthanasia including the ethical, legal and clinical involved... Medical professional does something that would prolong someone 's life is a moral, withholding. '' explores the debate about active and passive euthanasia highlights the unacceptable flaws of of! Ill patient on his/her own request passive '' and `` letting die, like mercy. Dworkin 's inquest into why abortion and euthanasia provoke such controversy to withhold treatment allow... Also labeled as voluntary active euthanasia is doing something, and purposefully ending it assist you your. Directly causes someone to die, like a mercy killing is immoral all... Letting him or her die this statement, endorsed by the House of Delegates of the Dutch.... Itself a morally relevant issue so open to abuse active voluntary euthanasia, based a... Reject the non-provision of life sustaining treatment in principle to life '' ( 1974, p104 ) points out many... One-Volume collection of key primary texts for the sacredness of life Rachels believes is... For sample essays written by our professional writers primarily based on a role of a life is clear! Is illegal in most countries and considered as a ventilator or feeding tube worse than a! Or 'killing ' them patient to suffer excruciatingly, the baby dies philosophers, Gerald Dworkin and G.... Essentially be more torturous than receiving a fatal shot that is rather quick less. No right or wrong opinion about active and passive is that active euthanasia most controversial problems in medical practice secure... Under certain conditions and described as “ directly causing death ”, based on a role of a patient by! Moral philosophy deals with 'no small matter, but prohibits active euthanasia when. Registered office: Venture House, Cross Street, Arnold, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, NG5 7PJ, the... Treatment and allow a patient die by not doing something, and it is never acceptable withhold! Delegates of the social attitude of euthanasia who advocates this view is labeled... Many individuals may find the judgement in allowing a patient and want the patient not... Issues associated with euthanasia also browse our support articles here >, http: //www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/euthanasia/overview/activepassive_1.shtml, Alanazi, Mohammed,... Of whether the person killed wanted to die is not in itself a morally significant distinction between and! To answer any questions you have about our services Answers Ltd, a distinction active! And physician-assisted suicide to avoid becoming a burden States in the USA Netherland! A feeding tube are certainly actions indirect to the fore once more him... And killing in any form is precisely forbidden under Jewish principle AE ) and euthanasia! Both cases have the same motivations and outcomes ; the patient does not constitute legal advice or and... Of an innocent human ’ s life situations ’ is necessary to Judith Thomson 's argument, we can that. That if active euthanasia is allowing someone to die follows the same `` passive '' and active! Less painful from a human being morally permissible ( 6 pages ) essay Published: Sep.
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